Global headlines last year, not belong to the Ebola epidemic, which easily swept the West African countries such as Guinea, Libya and the Republic of Sierra Leone. The World Health Organization announced that died in the Ebola outbreak 11314, crisis has even spread to the United States and the United Kingdom, and Spain the borders of other countries. No treatments that can be applied, there is no effective vaccine, helpless patient care face, seeing they developed symptoms and died within a few hours, fengjuancanyun-like raids throughout the outbreak of Ebola virus.
Although most humans, like Ebola, dengue fever and cholera and other diseases are less likely to become a major threat, but a number of other diseases, such as meningitis, stroke and diseases such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is still possible, regardless of geographical died within a few hours. Next, follow the scientists know the top killers.
1. Necrotizing Fasciitis
Necrotizing Fasciitis is often referred to as "flesh-eating worms", is a broad and rapid subcutaneous tissue and fascia soft tissue infection characterized by necrosis, often accompanied by systemic toxic shock can cause patient death in a short time. Although very fatal Necrotizing Fasciitis, but relatively rare. This disease is a blend of a variety of bacterial infections, mostly suppurative aerobic bacteria such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Normally, Streptococcus pyogenes infection level light, easy to heal. However, in the case of Necrotizing Fasciitis, are spreading rapidly once the virus enters the human body, wrap infection in the muscles, nerves, fat and blood vessels of the fascia, and injured the fascia around the organization. Sometimes the toxins produced by these bacteria may destroy infected tissue, resulting in tissue necrosis, and severe infections can cause necrosis of limbs and even death. In the United States, there are about 650 to 850 cases of Necrotizing Fasciitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
2. meningococcal disease
The formal name is meningitis meningococcal Neisseria gonorrhoeae and meningococcal meningitis (ECM) pathogens. There are three main types of meningococcal disease clinical manifestations: meningitis, sepsis and pneumonia, all symptoms are sudden, and cause death within hours. Survivors of the rising, patients with persistent nerve defect, including hearing loss, language barriers, physical disability, mental retardation and paralysis. Meningococcal is usually alien to normal people in nasopharyngeal cavities, some percent of healthy people in nasopharyngeal bacteria, but carriers 90% not ill, caused few nasopharyngitis, serious cause bacteremia. Carriers and patients are infection, meningococcal droplets or through contact with infected respiratory secretions of patients contaminated materials, common in infants, teenagers and young adults. Capsular polysaccharide antigens of different jam under this strain, scientists found a group, group b, group c and y group of all human cases of disease caused by serogroup, and groups b and c and yGroups and caused United States three common cases serogroup. Meningitis in patients who develop symptoms of chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, severe violations of the meninges, suppurative cerebral spinal meningitis, headaches, projectile vomiting, neck tenacious meningeal irritation. In addition, the meningococcus can cause meningococcal sepsis, once bacteria enter the bloodstream and reproduce, it can damage blood vessel walls cause blood flow to the skin and organs, symptoms include fatigue, vomiting, sensitivity to cold, severe pain, shortness of breath, diarrhoea, appeared at the end the legendary purple rash. Of meningococcal septicemia are very serious and could cause death. In fatal cases, patients died within just a few hours, while in non-fatal cases, the patient may have a permanent disability, such as fingers, toes, or amputation of limbs and severe scarring of skin transplantation.
3. Chagas disease
Chagas disease, also called Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma Cruz, the media called "kissing bugs" Wei bugs bugs, mainly in Latin America. The World Health Organization estimates that about 6.007 billion people worldwide infected with the disease. Acute phase of the disease include fever, facial edema, lymph nodes, anemia, etc. Chronic myocarditis, heart failure, often giant esophagitis, giant colonic and pulmonary, cerebral embolism, death occurs. Despite the overwhelming nature of the disease and to cause death, but if detected early and treated promptly, the patient was able to heal. The disease can be divided into acute and chronic phase. Acute phase lasts about two months after infection, in this first phase, a large number of Wei bug worm circulating in the blood, but in most cases no symptoms or mild symptoms. In the "kissing bugs" bite cases, less than half of patients initially develop skin lesions or purple eyelid congestive, and accompanied by high fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, muscle pain, dyspnea, edema, chest and abdominal pain. In the chronic phase, Wei bug bug usually hides in cardiac and digestive muscles. About one out of every three patients with heart diseases, 10% of patients showing enlargement of the colon or esophagus, and other digestive problems. In recent years, of sudden death in patients infected with Chagas disease, or progressive failure of the heart and nervous system heart failure occurs. If found in the early acute stage and given medical treatment, the disease can fully cure.
4. cerebrovascular disease
Typically, cerebrovascular disease stroke due to ruptured blood vessels or thrombotic occlusion caused a disease caused by interrupted blood supply to the brain. Brain blood supply disruptions would cut off the supply of oxygen and nutrients, causing brain damage. According to the World Health Organization estimates, 2012, about 17.5 million people died from cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease. However, the 80% of premature heart attacks and strokes are preventable. Common methods of prevention of cardiovascular disease are a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and smoking cessation, regular inspection and control of heart disease and stroke risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and high blood sugar or diabetes, is also critical. Common symptoms of stroke include: facial paralysis, numbness of limbs, hemiplegia, mouth Askew, tongue Jian or not language, strong language, partial body numbness, imbalance, dizziness, headaches or loss of consciousness. The effects of a stroke depend on damaged parts of the brain and levels vary, and in severe cases can lead to sudden death.
5. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MRSA refers to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from discovery has infected almost all over the world, has become an important pathogen of nosocomial and community infection, can have an impact on the skin. However, in many hospitals and medical institutions, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can cause blood infections, pneumonia, and surgical infection, none life-threatening. Through direct contact with infected wounds, patients infected with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Studies show that one out of every three people will be carrying human nasal Staphylococcus aureus, usually without any symptoms or no illness. Two out of every 100 people carrying Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Centers for disease control and prevention said, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection symptoms, skin lumps, redness swelling, pain, hot to the touch, often accompanied by fever. Treatment options typically, wound drainage, treatment with antibiotic drugs. In hospitals and medical institutions, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is easy to spread through infected wound to the medical staff. Diagnosed patients infected with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the only way, in the laboratory for testing. If Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to human intrusion not only for skin infections, then the situation will be even worse. Invasive infections include septicemia, symptoms are fever above 38 degrees Celsius, feeling cold, dizziness, confusion, muscle, dysentery, site swelling soft. In addition, urinary tract infections, endocarditis, pneumonia, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis are Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections of severe illness.
6. cholera
Cholera is by ingestion of food or water contaminated with vibrio cholera, an acute diarrheal disease caused, is a fatal disease, which can be induced by adults and children who died within hours. The incubation period of the disease is very short, sometimes less than a day, the longest time for five days. Performance for a large number of cholera patients are often painless watery diarrhoea, if not treated in a timely manner, can lead to severe dehydration and death. About eight out of every ten people do not develop any symptoms but Vibrio cholerae can be 10 days in human waste, faeces after discharge into the environment causing infection. In cholera patients, the 80% of the minor symptoms, 20% people may have symptoms of severe dehydration risk. The World Health Organization says 1.4043 billion per year global cholera cases, of which 2.8-142,000 deaths, about 80% of the cholera patients have been cured through oral rehydration salts.
7. the enterovirus type 68
Every year, millions of children worldwide infected with enterovirus type 68, show symptoms as coughing, sneezing and fever. The Centers for disease control says, in 2014, children infected with enterovirus are almost EV-D68. Centers for disease control experts said that from August 2014 to January 2015, in the United States in 49 States, a total of 1153 people are suffering from respiratory diseases caused by EV-D68. In 14 deaths, the scientists found the virus in patient samples. Because of the immaturity of the immune system, infants, children and adolescents susceptible to enterovirus EV-D68, the virus through cough and sneezes spread spewing saliva and respiratory secretions, violations of major organs such as the lungs, can cause bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children. Are many infections of enterovirus type 68, mild fever, runny nose, sneezing, coughing and muscle soreness, breathing heavy and even in patients with severe respiratory distress, and eventually death. On enterovirus type 68, the medical profession there is no specific treatment, but doctors can largely control the illness.
8. black death
Epidemic of bubonic plague, also called the black death, was one of the worst plague in human history, in the 14th century, which killed approximately 50 million people. The black death may be a bubonic plague, that of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, have found today is just as dangerous. The bacteria are carried by flea saliva, flea bitten infected rats with a disease, then jumped on the human body, the germs into the body through the blood. Yersinia pestis enters bite sites, via the lymphatic system to the nearest lymph node, and multiply. Then, lymph glands and pain, it is often said that Bubo. Late in the infection and inflammation of the lymph nodes become open festering wounds. Today, the black death in many African countries, Russia, North and South America and Asia are still popular, if not treated in a timely manner, case fatality rate as high as 30%-60%. The World Health Organization said that in 2013, the world reported 783 cases of bubonic plague, which killed 126 people. Early symptoms in patients with flu-like symptoms of being infected with the disease, erupted after the obvious symptoms of the body chills, body aching and weakness, vomiting, nausea, early detection and treatment, and with the help of antibiotics and supportive therapy to cure the disease.
9. Ebola
Global 11314 people died in the Ebola epidemic, cases of 26635 case. December 2013, the West African countries such as Guinea, Libya and the Republic of Sierra Leone widely Ebola outbreaks. On November 7, the World Health Organization announced that the Ebola spread has been cut in the Republic of Sierra Leone. The height of the country has now entered a 90-day monitoring period, scheduled to end on February 5. As of November 8, Guinea has not reported confirmed cases, in the past 21 days for a total of 4 cases patients are members of the same family. 69 who are under surveillance, including 60 is considered to be the Ebola virus tested positive for high risk patients. In the past 21 days, Libya has not reported any cases. Ebola is a human and primates produce infectious virus of the Ebola haemorrhagic fever, has a high mortality rate, up to 90%, spread through infected animal blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids. In Africa, the human infection mainly come from contact with sick or dead in the rainforest of gorillas, chimps, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines. When someone infected with the virus, virus through blood, urine, saliva, feces and semen contact for transmission. People may also be due to broken skin contact with dirty clothes, bedding or used needles and infected with the Ebola virus. Even if it has been cured for seven weeks, male semen can also be transmitted the virus to a sexual partner. Virus incubation period for 2-21Once the patients becomes highly contagious. People living with HIV are the sudden onset of high fever, headache, sore throat, weakness and muscle pain, followed by vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Within two weeks of onset, the virus spills, cause internal and external bleeding, blood coagulation and necrosis of blood soon and all the body organs, patients eventually develop oral, nasal and anal bleeding and other symptoms, may die within 24 hours. Serious patients need intensive support, such as by intravenous fluids to provide moisture. At present, the medical profession there is no specific treatment for Ebola, some patients may be recovered under correct medical conditions.
10. dengue fever
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne dengue virus caused by insect-borne infectious diseases, clinical manifestations are fever, headache, eye, muscle and bone and joint pain severe pain, skin rash, bleeding, swollen lymph nodes, lower white blood cell count, such as thrombocytopenia. Data shows that each year, about 100 million cases globally. Dengue fever, a serious illness as dengue haemorrhagic fever, if not timely diagnosis, this disease will cause death. Cases in children onset is slow, low heat. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is characterized by fever, heat continues for about 2-7 days. As the heat receded, patients who develop persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain because of breathing difficulties. Next, about half of the cases may have different positions, different degrees of capillary bleeding, leading to circulatory failure, convulsions until death. Although there are no effective drugs to treat dengue fever, in the early diagnosis of the disease stages, however, can be treated through rehydration therapy effective. Unlike other tropical diseases are, at present there is no vaccine to prevent dengue fever. People through the use of air conditioning, window screens and screen doors prevent mosquitoes from entering the room. In addition, characteristically contains DEET repellents may also lower the risk of mosquito bites.
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