"Zumwalt" destroyer is the first US Navy DDG1000 stealth destroyer ship, its the most frigates ever built, about 15,000 tons of displacement, it cost $ 4.3 billion. "Zumwalt" radar reflecting only the hull of 2%, seen from the radar screen, is almost equivalent to a fishing vessel.
Development plan as a whole was born at the beginning of the end of the cold war the DDG1000 stealth destroyer, after nearly 20 years to toss, and finally into the sea. However, the original plans to build up to 32 the number shrank to only 3, DDG1000 is leading the future of global destroyers to battleships, still lags behind and the posthumous child of the cold war defence requirements for the future? Since 1998 after officially approved, not only all over the world on the sidelines, United States domestic quarrel has been up to now.
Square
15,000 tons of warships reflecting surfaces such as fishing
DDG1000 stealth destroyer following "Arleigh Burke" class destroyer later, United States Navy launched a new capital for the first time in 30 years the destroyer, integrating many advanced technology and weapons systems on the ship. DDG1000 displacement up to 15,000 tons, has reached the Cruiser level, called "Big Mac". United States incumbent Navy Minister Jonathan has put it, "Zumwalt" stands for United States Navy of the future.
Stealth is a primary pursuit
Data shows, "Zumwalt", 180 meters long, 24.6 meters wide, than the US largest destroyer on active service "Arleigh Burke"-class nearly 30 meters long, 6 meters wide. However, with a displacement of up to 15,000 tons of "big guy", radar reflective area only 2% per cent of its hull, only United States destroyer on active service of 1/64, seen from the radar screen, is almost equivalent to a fishing vessel.
To achieve this stealth DDG1000 stealth destroyers and General surface warfare ships of different wave-piercing boat within a single type and modular structure, exposed radars, antennas and other equipment are integrated into the hull. Analysts believe that the move could effectively reduce the radar reflector at the same time, the concentrated reflection of radar waves to the other direction, avoiding exposing one's own goal. Meanwhile, marine shell wraps up a 2.54 cm thick layer of special rubber to help it sail reduce friction and surface noise, can absorb radar and electromagnetic waves, further strengthening of the stealth.
"Overall, ' the Zumwalt ' stealth not only for radar, small size, and due to its half of the hull below the water surface, greatly reduces the electromagnetic and infrared signals, further enhanced stealth capabilities. "The Chinese Navy expert Li Jie said.
"Zumwalt" stealth design, will not only help them get the advanced stealth features, helps to improve battlefield survival rates. Experts pointed out that the low superstructure, semi-submersible hull and inward from the bottom up as they structure, the freeboard of the ship above water at 1.5 meters, less than the minimum altitude Jue most anti-ship missiles, incoming missile it is easy from the hull above the "pass".
Missile range
Military experts believe that the "Zumwalt", represented by the DDG1000 stealth destroyers Offensive, similar to the US Navy for fiscal 1995 's "arsenal ship" concept, that is equipped with a large-caliber naval guns, carrying a large number of cruise missiles, used to perform across the fire strike missions.
"A major feature of the ship is equipped with the advanced performance of AGS gun, combat ability is very strong. "Li Jie said. It is understood that the AGS gun could hit 185 kilometers away from goal. Live-fire test showed that AGS gun combat 83 kilometers outside target, GPS-guided projectile, impact less than 1 meter distance targets, firing accuracy is very high.
In addition, the ship is also equipped with new side MK57 the vertical launch system, and the "aegis" warships usual MK41 compared, advantages are obvious. MK57 system uses open architecture, when ships dress up different types of missiles, and do not have to synchronize update Launcher hardware or software, just install a new interface, has high efficiency; adding an external composite armor, and reduce the risk of induced explosion when hit stocks of missiles.
It is reported that "Zumwalt" was equipped with 20 units of the MK57 system, a total of 80 launch, carrying United States Navy, all in active service of ship to air missile and the "Tomahawk" cruise missiles.
Naval gun fires 300 km
In order to maintain the dominance of foreign navies, United States on the DDG1000 stealth destroyers had enough "lose everything". According to the United States Navy officials, "Zumwalt" applications, a number of new technologies, including electric propulsion system, as well as supporting the research and development of electromagnetic road cannon.
Wang Jianxun, Professor Li daguang, a military expert studies for two shows, "Zumwalt" power system can produce electricity, enough to supply power to 78,000 households, making it capable of carrying needs strong electromagnetic launch of advanced weapon systems and platforms, such as electromagnetic road cannon.
According to the original plan, third DDG1000 stealth destroyer will be the first ship equipped with electromagnetic way gun battleships. "This type of electromagnetic design of road guns with a range of over 300 kilometers, far higher than that of any active duty naval gun, and accuracy is very high. "Li Jie said. It is reported that the electromagnetic Cannon Road Road hit the target speed of Mach 5, hit the target at the maximum range of just 6 minutes, very difficult opponent to intercept. According to the report, "Zumwalt" provides enough energy to support the electromagnetic road road, cannons fired 12 rounds per minute.
The opposition
Value of 4.3 billion in wind and waves can capsize
DDG1000 stealth destroyers after nearly 20 years of ups and downs, although ultimately from "dried up" of the tragedy, but from initial plans to build 32 vessels to drastically reduced to 3, it caused controversy, can be seen.
The new United States Foundation senior fellow Peter Singer said, critics question the warship design philosophy cannot get rid of the shackles of the cold war mentality, suitability for future combat was questionable. In addition, the DDG1000 construction costs continue to out of control causing the United States political dissatisfaction with quite a few people.
"Devour" beast
In October 2006, the United States Navy applied hoped that part of the funds to purchase 2 DDG1000 stealth destroyer. Later, then-President Bush signed the Bill, approved a construction funds of up to $ 2.568 billion.
Li Jie said that due to the integration of a large number of advanced technologies and weapons systems, stealth destroyer DDG1000 rising construction costs. Today, its price has soared to $ 4.3 billion. "In accordance with the cost, DDG1000 ship price has exceeded United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers currently under construction. In view of the operational effectiveness of the former obviously there is still a gap compared with aircraft carrier battle groups, price clearly too low. "Analysis, in accordance with the current price of us $ 4.3 billion, and will involve research and development costs are included in the plan, DDG1000 stealth destroyer total project expenditure will reach more than 20 billion dollars.
Annual survey released by the International Institute for strategic studies in London, United States defense budget for the year 2014 $ 581 billion, ranking first in the world. Li believes that face exorbitant costs, even sitting on a huge defense budget of the United States military, also had to continue to build more reflection DDG1000 stealth destroyer. Therefore, the United States Navy had originally planned to buy 32-the battleship, later reduced to 24 and later reduced to 7 and finally decided to build 3. Indeed, has completed construction progress of the third 41% DDG1000 destroyers have been abandoned on the "blacklist".
"Stealth" price
Ordinary people the DDG1000 stealth destroyer the most intuitive impression is probably the science fiction of wave-piercing boat design in the monomer: ship to ship large angle leans back bow forward very exaggerated. US Navy claims that the design can improve the performance of navigation, and less high conditions of ship longitudinal shaking amplitude improve speed.
However, Li pointed out, compared with traditional destroyer design, "Zumwalt" its greatest shortcoming is precisely to sacrifice some stability for stealth, causing it may be difficult to withstand the test of storms, "there may be lateral oscillation phenomena of the hull, or even capsize. ”
"Zumwalt" sea trial, press conference, United States Navy spokesman Captain tulaya·Kente said: "the next few days, the Navy showed the ship many of the key systems and technology. The Navy and shipbuilding companies are in a very serious attitude to the new level of the destroyer's first test, this test can detect problems and mitigate risk. "Perhaps, as Kent puts it," Zumwalt "destroyer's seaworthiness issues, only can be further tested in sea trials.
In addition, some analysts believe, "Zumwalt" destroyer to reduce radar profile, and improve stealth and specially designed hulls, upper deck area is relatively small, centralized arrangement of arms leads to trouble. Also, install it on the side instead of a warship from the MK57 vertical axis in system design, limits the vertical system of installations, which has 15,000 tons of displacement, but only 80 vertical silos, compared, the inadequate capacity of 10,000 tons of "Arleigh Burke" Flight2A-class destroyers have 96 silos.
New technologies bring new vulnerabilities
DDG1000 stealth destroyer known as the most powerful destroyers in the history of the United States Navy, consolidation of ship design, ship-wide computing network, vertical launching broadside, integrated undersea warfare systems and other new technology. However, so many complex new technologies into a boat, is likely to have serious compatibility problems for your system.
Li believes that this type of ship electric propulsion system and electromagnetic gun-road system, these two technologies together may have some compatibility issues, "first of all, electricity of the whole ship is big, and electromagnetic way gun battle also consume enormous amounts of energy, propulsion systems generating capacity can not meet the demand of ships? I think there may be a problem. ”
"In addition, the application of advanced technology warship proportion is not too big, otherwise if one failed to reach, easy to slow down the progress of the project as a whole. "Li Jie said, for example, United States the new Ford-class carrier abandoned the traditional steam ejection system, installing new electromagnetic launch system, but due to the progress in the development of lag, delay in ship application installed on, eventually lead to the entire aircraft carrier construction progress and service time is considerably delayed, minds.
Military experts believe DDG1000 stealth destroyers more extent, acting as the "early adopters ship" "experimental ship" role, American's plan is to hope to validate a variety of marine technology. However, spend more than 20 billion dollars into an "experimental ship", even if the United States then deep pockets may sustain. United States under the reality of declining national strength, also insists on weapons research and development costs to increase investment, is attempting to maintain its military hegemony. Peace and development has become an irresistible trend of the moment, in wanton military ventures, will ultimately suffer the consequences.
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