But from France's Director Shang Jikui Arno (Jean-Jacques Annaud), as well as original author Jiang Rong has adhered to the real, real wolves to shoot. Most of the scenes in the film retains the original, and most of the scenes are real, no special effects. Film took about seven years ' time, by cultivating a group of Coyotes to shoot, grasslands in Inner Mongolia, as well as the face of the coyotes, presented to the audience one by one. (We need more movies like this, meticulous, good faith is commendable. ）
This paper attempts to "read the text" (Textual approach) approach discussed in the novel and film techniques, plot arrangements, the similarities and differences of themes, so as to discuss the meaning of Wolf Totem. "Wolf" well, challenging. The original version, Wolf's image through Bi Lige to elderly, such as the elderly and Chen on the hillside, Wolf raids Gazelle, watching, the old man spoke, witty Wolf show. However, Wolf Totem is movie, to Wolf shoot out, rather than speak out. Director keen to "Wolf" image presented to spectators, especially many close-up shots of the Wolf in the movie, accompanied by music, was highly infectious. These close-up shots, such as attack of the fierce face and opportunistic hunting of sharp eyes, Wolf saliva and so on, so that the "Wolf" look to speak, while directors are better at capturing the Wolf's eyes, as were a pair of Coyote hunting, Wolf would die rather than surrender, before the cliff, looking back, looked at the male behind. That expression, silence, is the film's most impressive pictures.
But unfortunately, even used real Wolf, it is difficult to shoot a Wolf character in the original. All who saw the Wolf Totem, a reader of the book would feel the Wolf in the book, God, human nature rather than animals, highly intelligent strategy, also has a hero who would rather die than surrender. These images, as stated in the book, is "man-wolf" interpretation of this Wolf, can only exist in the book, and the reader's imagination, dismiss movie screen, then catching the Wolf face look, it is difficult to draw the mysterious, deep in the original Wolf. In the movie, the most successful is the hero shoot wolves that would rather die than surrender, wolves an intelligent strategy is only lightly, failed to bring out the Wolf God, although unfortunately, but are very rare.
Depth of art: cultural survival experience
From the point of view of literary history, the Wolf Totem is "educated youth literature" of the countryside in the era of the cultural revolution educated youth, wrote the life, remember the current knowledge.
Some scholars pointed out that "immigration, growth, memory" is exactly three attributes of the educated youth literature. So to speak, "educated youth" is a kind of immigrants, spent their youth growing up in rural and border areas, and "educated youth literature" is a reflection of their literary works of this period of life, that is the embodiment of collective memory of the educated youth. In the creation of the educated youth literature, wandering new humanistic thinking and writing often entangled in native and foreign cultures between international domain and identity, between group identity and language identity. Educated youth literature often reflects the exotic (rural and frontier) cultural survival experience and experience of cultural assimilation, integration, assimilation, dissimilation. [1]
So it seems that educated youth literature dealing with a cultural examination, observation, comparison and reflection involving identity, cultural conflicts, as well as cultural identity, book the Wolf Totem, demonstrated these qualities. Only known "educated youth literature" particularity, in order to understand the connotation of the Wolf Totem. Chen Zhen fascinates, not wolves, but the collision of the spiritual values and reshape the wound in the Central Plains culture and the nomadic peoples of the steppe cultures, Tako, the nation and perturbed, but unable to extricate themselves.
Is a pity, the film did not grasp the subject, psychology of Chen, tends to flow to the coyotes, or reflection on nature, has not been raised to the cultural and spiritual reflection. Of course, can also "play" inadequate or difficult to reason, the Director would rather give away these elements. But in any case, this film can't match up to the original reason is not a lack of fidelity, not grand enough, but in the depth of art works, which obviously does not equal.
Chinese and Western Totem meanings: adaptation of a story
To be faithful to the original, it is the many film adaptations have to face the problem, Shang Jikui, Adriano, the answer is obviously "no". He had access stated that adaptation was a loyal to their own creations. Indeed, many modifications to the original film, evident in two places: one, Chen and Gaz's love line; second, the end of the story, little Wolf back on the Prairie life.
On the first, original the love element, Chen and Gaz's love line is the Director and plug in. (Presumably Director prairie life too monotonous without love? ) Insert the love line is rather innocuous, is the adaptation of the work, has allowed recreation of the text. To discuss, could not change, but is this a "good" changes. The colony, moving body, in order to fix this marriage, Batu, must die, if the circumstances are also inserted on relationship between Chen and Gaz whether, two feelings change also required painstaking efforts, such as Gaz's son Wolf bite ... ... Visible, Director for the love line, spend a lot of time. However, the movies have to deal with enough for this love line, are only superficial and explain one or two shots, and personally, this relationship is still somewhat unexpected. What is more, Chen was back to Beijing, it also went nowhere. Unfortunately, this emotions in "hard driving hard to withdraw", it is hard to satisfy.
The second change is also a film to the original's biggest and most important changes-the end of the story. Ending of the film is a beautiful, pleasant, but the novel's conclusion is deep and gloomy. In the movie, little Wolf back in the Prairie life, Chen looked up to see a small Wolf-shaped clouds, free. Instead, in the novel, after Chen was Wolf bite, destroyed four Wolf pups. Little Wolf, and there is no way to be put back. One day, the little Wolf hear the howl of the Wolf King, crazy fight for the removal of shackles of chain, cutting his throat. Looking very sick Coyote, wolves in order to preserve the dignity, Chen personally to kill them.
Outcomes are different, reflected the spirit of Chinese and Western cultural differences. According to the spirit of traditional Chinese culture, Wolf, was able to become a totem, is his death. "Liberty or death", the Wolf cannot be tamed, cannot be fed people revered the Wolf, not only because of his intelligence, strategy, but also in its "vigor", proud unyielding character, historical records ‧ Fan Sui Zeise sentence in the biography "life and shameful death and glory" is most apt interpretation of their character. But on the other hand, Western humanistic spirit of liberation, freedom, pay attention to equality and fraternity. The former probably made "free Wolf in the sky", while the latter equality, fraternity, extends from Humanities and social nature, emphasizing cruelty to animals, protection of the environment, which might have contributed to a relatively happy ending in the film. In view of this, the two ends of the Wolf Totem, Totem of the revered show, West, look different, and the meaning is different.
To read, not just more, but dialogue between emphasized text. This cross-generation, cross-media, cross-culture comparative literature as a means of interpretation of two texts, no doubt to the reader a more open space, free to interpret the meaning of work, also added a vitality to the original text.
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